Wednesday, February 11, 2004

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The marketplace of ideas in Iraq

The Chicago Tribune's Stephen Franklin reports on how life has changed for Baghdad's booksellers:

Up and down al-Mutanabbi Street, business was booming like never before. Buyers were bunched up in groups, studying piles of new and used books sprawled on the sidewalk or on carts. People wandered in and out of stores, carrying off several books at a time.

A thick crowd of shoppers ruminated over Iyad Nowfal's collection of used English and French historical and political texts, an eclectic assortment that included a worn paperback copy of Golda Meir's autobiography.

But the brisk trade failed to lift the spirits of the middle-age bookseller, a veteran of the street in a slightly decrepit Ottoman-era section of Baghdad that is famous for its printing presses, calligraphers, a coffeehouse frequented by intellectuals and an open-air book market every Friday.

"Freedom is good and not good," Nowfal grumbled, hunching his shoulders against a cold wind. "The good thing is that now you can express yourself. You can read whatever you want. But the bad thing is competition. There are a lot more bookstores, a lot more people selling books, and prices have gone down."

A few other veteran booksellers shared his dismay, recalling the days during Saddam Hussein's regime when they got high prices for forbidden books about politics or Shiite Islamic topics.

"Now you have bad people," complained Hussan al Fadhli, a seller of maps, among them a large, colorful 1990 chart that showed Kuwait as an Iraqi province. Bad people, he explained with a scowl, are merchants who do not respect each other and offer price cuts to customers....

One day Sadek Khadir was arrested because he had let a popular Arab world newsmagazine slip into the offerings he usually spreads out on the sidewalk. But Khadir, a government engineer who moonlights at the Friday book market, was lucky. He spent only a day in the police station, while others were imprisoned for years for selling banned publications. Now his sales of newspapers and magazines have doubled, and he sells whatever he can get his hands on.

Iyad Hamid similarly keeps running out of books for customers. He specializes in works written by Shiite scholars, books that he previously would have sold only to people he knew or who came with good recommendations. He was strict about such precautions because he didn't want to join his colleagues in prison.

With the regime's fall, his prices have come down because it is easier to buy such books. But that doesn't bother him because he sells so much more. His hottest items are anything written by or about Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, a revered Shiite cleric assassinated by the government in 1980. It is rare, he said, for one of those books to sit for more than a day.

Lest you believe that theological texts are the only things selling, let's move on to this anecdote:

Amir Nayef Toma, a translator, English teacher and self-professed guiding spirit for al-Mutanabbi Street's intellectuals, was studying an assortment of popular U.S. paperbacks. He was glad to see that they were cleaner than a few months ago.

The books came from American troops, who got them full of flies and dust during their time at war in the desert, he explained. Toma and other customers persuaded the booksellers to clean them up.

A lifetime devotee of popular American novels, Toma's guru is Sidney Sheldon, and he has an ambitious dream for the new Iraq. He wants to open a Sidney Sheldon Institute for Modern English, where he will teach English to Iraqis and reveal to them the literary magic of the blockbuster American novelist.

UPDATE: Juan Cole has useful thoughts about how the U.S. government could assist the spread of American ideas in the Middle East. One wonders if it will be a component of this initiative.

posted by Dan on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM




Comments:

Odd how that Sidney Sheldon gets around - bought an old copy of a bookseller in India once.

posted by: MD on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



Juan Cole has a good counterpoint to this post today:
http://www.juancole.com/2004_02_01_juancole_archive.html#107648769825852706
Basically, anti-State Department policies over the years have left us ill-prepared to make sure American ideas are well represented in this market place, and there is no sign that the Administration intends to change that.

posted by: Tom Hoffman on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



I wonder how Iraqis view the cost/benefits of this situation. India had huge protests when their markets first began opening up, but they've largely benefited from it. Of course, that was on a whole different scale.

I once read about foreigners who read Hemingway novels or Steinbeck novels at US libraries over-seas, how how these libraries had been closed down in the late eighties. I think that's what Tom must be talking about above.

posted by: Mike on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



Just to chime in here: those American libraries are exactly what Juan is talking about in his post.

posted by: Mike on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



150,000 soldiers rebuilding schools and giving candy to children has done what a billion state department leaflets never could. Am I the only one not particularly comfortable with the state department trying to explain the best parts of America?

posted by: Mark Buehner on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



“Am I the only one not particularly comfortable with the state department trying to explain the best parts of America?”

Nope, the State Department---and the CIA, have far too many people who graduated from an “elite” school who are ashamed of being American. They would prefer that France and the Old Europeans dictated the foreign policy of the United States. Their inferiority complex is enough to make one want to puke. The inane Colon Powell has little to reverse this sad sad situation. As a general rule, we should hold our politically correct State Department in utter contempt.

posted by: David Thomson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



“Now you have bad people," complained Hussan al Fadhli, a seller of maps, among them a large, colorful 1990 chart that showed Kuwait as an Iraqi province. Bad people, he explained with a scowl, are merchants who do not respect each other and offer price cuts to customers....”

"People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices."

---Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations

Gosh, when will the Iraqis pass antitrust laws? Putting together a democratic society is not an easy thing.

posted by: David Thomson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



How about Bush saying in a major speech:

"As part of our commitment to intercultural dialogue, understanding and peace, we will undertake the translation of the entire western canon into modern Arabic."

And also translate the Arab equivalent into English.

That would be an awesome project. And wouldn't be "propaganda" like some of the wingnuts above expressed concern about. What a visionary moment that would be. But totally out of character for Bush.

posted by: GFW on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



"As part of our commitment to intercultural dialogue, understanding and peace, we will undertake the translation of the entire western canon into modern Arabic."

The only reason that this has not occurred is almost entirely due to the pernicious politically correct influences of Edward Said and his ilk. Do you realize that some people would consider you to be a cultural imperialist? Your viewpoint is hardly popular within the liberal controlled universities.

posted by: David Thomson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



Perhaps the American Library Association could tkae a time out from lauding Castro and send some of their old worn books.

posted by: Alan Anderson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



OOps, me need spelling book: "take"...

posted by: A Anderson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



The only reason that this has not occurred is almost entirely due to the pernicious politically correct influences of Edward Said and his ilk.

Oh yeah. I forgot that Bush listens closely to politically correct liberals.

But more generally, I don't think that academia would resist a project like that. We're talking about simply translating the books. Not force feeding it to anyone. So, really, it's the height of multiculturalism, assuming we translate a great number of arabic works into English.

But don't let me keep you from grinding that axe.

posted by: GFW on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



“So, really, it's the height of multiculturalism, assuming we translate a great number of arabic works into English.”

We already have translated the major Arabic works into English. I doubt very much that any have been ignored. The Arab world simply has very little to offer since about the fifteenth century. It is pervasively anti-intellectual and even shunned the printing press until fairly recently. Many, if not even most, are nothing more than conspiracy tracts claiming that Jews eat matzos made with human blood. Unfortunately, silly works like “The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion” are treated seriously in the so-called great Arab universities. Are we to translate inferior books merely to be politically correct?

posted by: David Thomson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



Oh Jeez, I'm sure we could find plenty to translate. Good stuff, not racist stuff. And even modern translations of medieval texts would do. The point is that it's a great pr move, and would display a fundamental commitment to the "hearts and minds" battle. At some point, we should consider turning Baghdad into the intellectual and cultural hub of the middle east. Build universities, libraries, etc. Give the Arabs the tools to improve their lot, and modernize their views.

posted by: GFW on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



“At some point, we should consider turning Baghdad into the intellectual and cultural hub of the middle east.”

Now you’re getting it. Bernard Lewis has long said that we must do what we can to help the Arab world modernize. This is why the invasion of Iraq was a good thing regardless of the WMD issue. We can debate until the cows come home why the Arab leaders some 400 years embraced anti-intellectualism. The main thing is to assist today’s Arabs to once again appreciate the arts and sciences.

posted by: David Thomson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



DT,

You seem to conflating the ideas of promoting modernization in the Middle-east, the liberalization ideal of the invasion, and the advisedness of what is being carried out. Trust me, the first two can be good while the last one can utterly undermine the former two. This is the real world Dave, you don't get points for good intentions. Just delivering results.

You and certain "liberal hawks" who supported the Bush Admin on this seem to have failed to grasp the concept that if the Bush admin flubs this, it will discredit the otherwise good idea that could otherwise be promoted. Democracy is not exactly been glorified by the record of the past two years.

posted by: Oldman on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



David - I agree that there is an lot of truly terrible writing that has come out of the Mid. East in the last 400 years, but there has to be a few good works in there somewhere.

Do you have any particular favourites for western literature to be translated into Arabic? I'm assuming that the choices for scientific works are fairly clear cut, so I'd like to know about peoples choices for fiction and non-fiction to be translated.

posted by: sam on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



“David - I agree that there is an lot of truly terrible writing that has come out of the Mid. East in the last 400 years, but there has to be a few good works in there somewhere.”

I regret to inform you that virtually nothing of value has come out the Arab world in the last 400-500 years. This is why Ataturk realized that Turkey was royally screwed unless it opted for westernization. You might wish to read the following:

http://www.ataturk.org/trans.htm

You should also obtain a copy of --The Muslim Discovery of Europe-- by Bernard Lewis.

Many books should be translated into Arabic---and they will be---as long as we are successful in Iraq. There are now more democratic freedoms in present day Iraq than any other Arab run country!

posted by: David Thomson on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]



David, I know about Ataturk and his drive to westernize Turkey, thanks for the site address though. I was mainly wondering if you had any particular preferences for specific authors and their works to be translated.

posted by: sam on 02.11.04 at 10:15 AM [permalink]






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